The Heart Rate Oximetry and Biosensor Module MAX30100 is a compact and reliable solution for measuring heart rate and blood oxygen saturation levels, offering flexibility and accuracy for a range of applications, including fitness tracking, medical monitoring, and wearable devices.

 

Package Includes:

• 1 x Heart Rate Oximetry And Biosensor Module MAX30100

 

Features:

• Heart Rate Monitoring: The module can accurately measure heart rate by detecting changes in blood volume using photoplethysmography (PPG) techniques. It provides real-time heart rate readings.
• Blood Oxygen Saturation (SpO2) Monitoring: The MAX30100 module can measure the oxygen saturation level in the blood, which is a crucial indicator of overall health and respiratory function. It provides SpO2 readings as a percentage.
• Ambient Light Cancellation: The module incorporates ambient light cancellation technology to minimize the impact of external light sources, ensuring accurate and reliable measurements even in varying lighting conditions.
• Low Power Consumption: The module is designed to operate with low power consumption, making it suitable for portable and battery-powered devices. It helps extend battery life and enables longer usage time.
• Multiple Operation Modes: The MAX30100 offers different operation modes, including continuous mode for continuous data acquisition, and single or multi-sample modes for power optimization and specific measurement requirements.
• Raw PPG Data Access: The module allows access to raw photoplethysmography (PPG) data, enabling further analysis, signal processing, and customization according to specific application needs.
• Integrated Red and IR LEDs: The module integrates red and infrared (IR) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to emit light through the skin and measure the light absorption caused by blood flow.
• Standard Communication Protocols: The MAX30100 module communicates with external devices, such as microcontrollers or smartphones, using standard communication protocols like I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit).
• Compact and Easy to Use: The module is compact in size, making it easy to integrate into various devices and systems. It comes with straightforward connections and interfaces, simplifying the implementation process.

 

Description:

The Heart Rate Oximetry and Biosensor Module MAX30100 is a compact and versatile device used for measuring heart rate and blood oxygen saturation levels. It integrates an advanced optical sensor and signal processing algorithms to provide accurate and reliable readings. The module utilizes a technique called photoplethysmography (PPG), which involves shining a light through the skin and measuring the changes in light absorption caused by the pulsating blood flow. By analyzing these changes, the module can determine the heart rate and oxygen saturation level of the blood. The MAX30100 module offers several key features that make it suitable for various applications. It has low power consumption, making it ideal for portable and wearable devices. It can operate in different modes to optimize performance based on the specific requirements. The module also includes an ambient light cancellation feature, which helps improve accuracy by reducing interference from external light sources. In addition to heart rate and oxygen saturation measurements, the MAX30100 module can also capture raw PPG data, allowing for further analysis and customization. It communicates with external devices, such as microcontrollers or smartphones, through standard communication protocols like I2C.

 

Principle of Work:

The Heart Rate Oximetry and Biosensor Module MAX30100 operate based on the principle of photoplethysmography (PPG). PPG involves shining light through the skin and measuring the changes in light absorption caused by the pulsating blood flow.

This is how the module works:

1. Light Emission: The MAX30100 module utilizes built-in red and infrared (IR) light-emitting diodes (LEDs). These LEDs emit light into the tissues, typically the fingertip or earlobe, where the blood vessels are close to the surface.
2. Light Absorption: The emitted light passes through the skin and is partially absorbed by the underlying blood vessels. The amount of light absorbed depends on the volume of blood in the vessels, which varies with each heartbeat.
3. Photodetector: The module incorporates a photodetector that detects the light transmitted or reflected back from the tissues. It captures the changes in light intensity caused by the pulsating blood flow.
4. Signal Processing: The captured light-intensity data is processed using advanced algorithms within the module. These algorithms analyze the variations in light absorption and extract the pulsatile component associated with the heart rate.
5. Heart Rate Calculation: By analyzing the pulsatile component of the captured data, the module calculates the heart rate in beats per minute (BPM). This is typically displayed as real-time heart rate readings.
6. SpO2 Calculation: The module also evaluates the relative amounts of red and infrared light absorbed by the blood. By comparing these measurements, it estimates the blood oxygen saturation level (SpO2), expressed as a percentage.
7. Ambient Light Cancellation: The MAX30100 module incorporates ambient light cancellation techniques to minimize the influence of external light sources, such as room lighting, which can interfere with accurate measurements. This helps ensure reliable and precise readings.
8. Data Output: The calculated heart rate and SpO2 readings, along with other relevant information, can be communicated to external devices such as microcontrollers or smartphones through standard communication protocols like I2C.

 

Pinout of the Module:

PINS	DEFINITION OF PINS
VIN	Input voltage (1.8V to 5.5V)
SCL	IIC-SCL
SDA	IIC-SDA
INT	MAX30100INT
IRD	MAX30100 IR_DRV
RD	MAX30100 R_DRV
GND	Ground

 

Applications:

1. Fitness and Wellness Tracking: The module can be incorporated into fitness trackers, smartwatches, and other wearable devices to monitor heart rate and SpO2 during exercise or physical activities. It helps users track their fitness levels, optimize workouts, and ensure safe exercise practices.
2. Medical Monitoring: The MAX30100 module is used in medical settings for continuous monitoring of patient's vital signs. It is particularly valuable in situations where non-invasive measurements are preferred, such as monitoring patients' heart rate and oxygen saturation levels during surgery, post-operative care, or general health monitoring.
3. Sleep Monitoring: The module can be utilized in sleep monitoring devices to track heart rate and SpO2 levels during sleep. This information helps assess sleep quality, identify potential sleep disorders, and improve overall sleep patterns and health.
4. Respiratory Conditions: For individuals with respiratory conditions like asthma, COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), or sleep apnea, the MAX30100 module can be used to monitor changes in heart rate and SpO2, providing valuable data for managing these conditions and adjusting treatment plans.
5. Remote Patient Monitoring: The module enables remote monitoring of patients' heart rate and SpO2 levels in home healthcare or telemedicine settings. Healthcare professionals can remotely assess patients' conditions, track vital signs, and make informed decisions about patient care without requiring in-person visits.
6. Sports and Performance Analysis: The module can be integrated into sports performance monitoring systems to track athletes' heart rate and oxygen saturation levels during training or competitive events. This information helps optimize performance, prevent overexertion, and monitor athletes' physiological responses.
7. Research and Development: The MAX30100 module is utilized in research and development activities in the fields of biomedicine, physiology, and human-computer interaction. Its ability to provide real-time heart rate and SpO2 data in a compact form allows researchers to gather valuable insights and conduct studies in various domains.

 

Circuit: 

 

 

Library: 

To install the MAX30100 library in your Arduino IDE, you can follow these steps:

1. Open the Arduino IDE on your computer.
2. Go to the "Sketch" menu and select "Include Library" > "Manage Libraries."
3. The Library Manager window will open. In the search bar, type "MAX30100" and press Enter.
4. Look for the "MAX30100 by Oxullo" library in the search results. Once you find it, click on it.
5. Click the "Install" button to install the library.
6. Wait for the installation to complete. You will see a progress bar indicating the status of the installation.
7. Once the installation is finished, you should see a "Library installed" message at the bottom of the Library Manager window.
8. Close the Library Manager window.

 

Code:

An example code that utilizes the MAX30100 module to measure oxygen saturation (SpO2) and pulse rate and categorizes the values into normal, low, and high ranges. The code assumes you have the necessary libraries and hardware connections set up for communication with the MAX30100 module:

#include "Wire.h"
#include "MAX30100.h" // Include the MAX30100 library

MAX30100 sensor; // Create an instance of the MAX30100 sensor

const int normalThreshold = 95; // Threshold for normal SpO2 values
const int lowThreshold = 90; // Threshold for low SpO2 values
const int highThreshold = 100; // Threshold for high SpO2 values

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600); // Initialize the serial communication
  sensor.begin(); // Initialize the MAX30100 sensor
  sensor.setMode(MAX30100_MODE_SPO2_HR); // Set the sensor mode to measure SpO2 and heart rate
}

void loop() {
  // Read SpO2 and heart rate values from the sensor
  float spo2 = sensor.getSpO2();
  int pulseRate = sensor.getHeartRate();

  // Print the raw values to the serial monitor
  Serial.print("SpO2: ");
  Serial.print(spo2, 2);
  Serial.print("%\t");
  Serial.print("Heart Rate: ");
  Serial.print(pulseRate);
  Serial.println(" bpm");

  // Categorize the values based on thresholds
  if (spo2 >= normalThreshold && spo2 <= highThreshold) {
    Serial.println("Status: Normal");
  } else if (spo2 < lowThreshold) {
    Serial.println("Status: Low SpO2");
  } else {
    Serial.println("Status: High SpO2");
  }

  delay(1000); // Delay between readings
}

1. #include : This line includes the Wire library, which is required for I2C communication with the MAX30100 module.
2. "MAX30100.h": This line includes the MAX30100 library, which provides functions to interact with the MAX30100 sensor module.
3. MAX30100 sensor;: This line creates an instance of the MAX30100 sensor named sensor.
4. const int normalThreshold = 95;: This line declares a constant variable normalThreshold with a value of 95. It represents the threshold for normal SpO2 values.
5. const int lowThreshold = 90;: This line declares a constant variable lowThreshold with a value of 90. It represents the threshold for low SpO2 values.
6. const int highThreshold = 100;: This line declares a constant variable highThreshold with a value of 100. It represents the threshold for high SpO2 values.
7. void setup(): This function runs once when the Arduino is powered on or reset. It is used for initialization tasks.
8. Serial.begin(9600);: This line initializes the serial communication at a baud rate of 9600 bits per second.
9. sensor.begin();: This line initializes the MAX30100 sensor.
10. sensor.setMode(MAX30100_MODE_SPO2_HR);: This line sets the sensor mode to measure SpO2 and heart rate.
11. void loop(): This function runs repeatedly after the setup() function. It contains the main code logic for reading and categorizing the sensor values.
12. float spo2 = sensor.getSpO2();: This line reads the SpO2 value from the sensor and assigns it to the variable spo2 as a floating-point number.
13. int pulseRate = sensor.getHeartRate();: This line reads the heart rate value from the sensor and assigns it to the variable pulseRate as an integer.
14. Serial printing statements: These lines print the raw SpO2 and heart rate values to the serial monitor, along with appropriate labels.
15. Value categorization: This section categorizes the SpO2 values based on the defined thresholds. If the SpO2 value is within the normal range, it prints "Status: Normal". If the SpO2 value is below the low threshold, it prints "Status: Low SpO2". Otherwise, it prints "Status: High SpO2".
16. delay(1000);: This line adds a delay of 1 second between readings to provide a time interval for data acquisition.

 

Technical Details: 

• Supply Voltage: 1.8V to 3.3V
• Operating Voltage: 1.7V to 2.0V
• Operating Current: Up to 1.5 mA
• Communication Interface: I2C (Two-Wire)
• Integrated Red and IR LEDs: Emitting wavelength typically 610nm (red) and 940nm (infrared)
• Photodetector: Integrated photodetector for light intensity measurement
• Sampling Rate: Up to 3200 samples per second (SPS)
• ADC Resolution: 16-bit
• Measurement Range:
  • Heart Rate: 30 bpm to 200 bpm
  • Oxygen Saturation (SpO2): 0% to 100%
• Ambient Light Cancellation: Built-in ambient light cancellation for accurate measurements
• Low Power Consumption: Designed for low-power operation
• Small Form Factor: Compact module size for easy integration into wearable devices and other applications
• Operating Temperature Range: -40°C to +85°C
• Package Type: 14-pin Optical Module package (OPLGA)

 

Resources:

• Datasheet

 

Comparisons:

The MAX30100 and MAX30102 modules are both optical sensor modules designed for heart rate and oxygen saturation (SpO2) measurements. While they share some similarities, there are also notable differences between the two. Here's a comparison of the MAX30100 module and the MAX30102 module:

1. ADC Resolution:

   • MAX30100: 16-bit ADC resolution.
   • MAX30102: 18-bit ADC resolution. The MAX30102 module offers a higher resolution, allowing for more precise measurement of light intensity and potentially more accurate results.

2. Sampling Rate:

   • MAX30100: Up to 3200 samples per second (SPS).
   • MAX30102: Up to 400 samples per second (SPS) in SpO2 mode and up to 1,600 SPS in HR mode. The MAX30100 module has a higher maximum sampling rate compared to the MAX30102 module. However, the MAX30102 module provides the flexibility to select different sampling rates for SpO2 and heart rate measurements.

3. Ambient Light Cancellation:

   • MAX30100: Includes built-in ambient light cancellation for accurate measurements.
   • MAX30102: Enhanced version with improved ambient light cancellation algorithms. The MAX30102 module features enhanced ambient light cancellation algorithms, which may result in improved accuracy and reliability of measurements in the presence of external light sources.